From 1a4b71e83ccb5cb495f3fd45cd6e081e219ca187 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: luishernandez <lahr730@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 2 Feb 2025 22:45:39 -0500
Subject: [PATCH] a2
---
sdbsc.c | 573 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
1 file changed, 573 insertions(+)
create mode 100644 sdbsc.c
diff --git a/sdbsc.c b/sdbsc.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c2a8516
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sdbsc.c
@@ -0,0 +1,573 @@
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <fcntl.h> // for open()
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+
+
+#define MIN_STD_ID 1
+#define MAX_STD_ID 100000
+#define MIN_STD_GPA 0
+#define MAX_STD_GPA 400
+
+/* Filenames for the active database and temporary (compressed) db */
+#define DB_FILE "student.db"
+#define TMP_DB_FILE ".tmp_student.db"
+
+/* Our student record is exactly 64 bytes.
+ We store an integer id (4 bytes), an integer gpa (4 bytes) and two fixed-length strings.
+ Using 28 bytes each for first and last names gives:
+ 4 + 4 + 28 + 28 = 64 bytes.
+*/
+typedef struct{
+ int id; // 4 bytes
+ int gpa; // 4 bytes; store gpa as an integer (e.g. 345 means 3.45)
+ char fname[28]; // 28 bytes
+ char lname[28]; // 28 bytes
+} student_t;
+
+#define RECORD_SIZE (sizeof(student_t))
+#define DB_SIZE (100000 * RECORD_SIZE)
+
+/* Exit codes: note that all error cases exit with status 1 */
+#define EXIT_OK 0
+#define EXIT_FAIL_ARGS 1
+#define EXIT_FAIL_DB 1
+
+/* Function return codes */
+#define NO_ERROR 0
+#define ERR_DB_FILE -1
+#define ERR_DB_OP -2
+#define SRCH_NOT_FOUND -3
+#define NOT_IMPLEMENTED_YET -4
+
+/* Messages (exact text as expected by the tests) */
+#define M_ERR_DB_OPEN "Error opening database file.\n"
+#define M_ERR_DB_READ "Error reading from database file.\n"
+#define M_ERR_DB_WRITE "Error writing to database file.\n"
+#define M_ERR_DB_ADD_DUP "Cant add student with ID=%d, already exists in db.\n"
+#define M_STD_ADDED "Student %d added to database.\n"
+#define M_STD_DEL_MSG "Student %d was deleted from database.\n"
+#define M_STD_NOT_FND_MSG "Student %d was not found in database.\n"
+#define M_ERR_STD_RNG "Error: Student ID or GPA out of range.\n"
+#define M_ERR_STD_PRINT "Error: Cannot print invalid student.\n"
+#define M_DB_EMPTY "Database contains no student records.\n"
+#define M_DB_RECORD_CNT "Database contains %d student record(s).\n"
+#define M_DB_ZERO_OK "Database file zeroed.\n"
+#define M_DB_COMPRESSED_OK "Database successfully compressed!\n"
+
+/* Strings used for printing a student record.
+ Note: the header and record formatting must match the test expectations. */
+#define STUDENT_PRINT_HDR_STRING "ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME GPA\n"
+#define STUDENT_PRINT_FMT_STRING "%d %s %s %.2f\n"
+
+
+int open_db(char *dbFile, bool should_truncate);
+int get_student(int fd, int id, student_t *s);
+int add_student(int fd, int id, char *fname, char *lname, int gpa);
+int del_student(int fd, int id);
+int count_db_records(int fd);
+int print_db(int fd);
+void print_student(student_t *s);
+int compress_db(int fd);
+int validate_range(int id, int gpa);
+void usage(char *exename);
+
+/*
+ * open_db
+ * Opens (or creates) the database file with read/write access.
+ * If should_truncate is true the file is re-created (zeroed) and then pre-allocated to DB_SIZE bytes.
+ * Otherwise, if the file is new (or not already DB_SIZE bytes long) it is extended (with zeros) to DB_SIZE bytes.
+ *
+ * Returns the file descriptor on success, or ERR_DB_FILE on failure.
+ * On error prints M_ERR_DB_OPEN.
+ */
+int open_db(char *dbFile, bool should_truncate)
+{
+ // Set permissions: rw-rw----
+ mode_t mode = S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR | S_IRGRP | S_IWGRP;
+
+ // Open for read/write and create if necessary.
+ int flags = O_RDWR | O_CREAT;
+ if (should_truncate)
+ flags |= O_TRUNC;
+
+ int fd = open(dbFile, flags, mode);
+ if (fd == -1)
+ {
+ printf(M_ERR_DB_OPEN);
+ return ERR_DB_FILE;
+ }
+
+ // If the file was just created or we are truncating, preallocate to DB_SIZE bytes.
+ struct stat st;
+ if (fstat(fd, &st) == -1)
+ {
+ printf(M_ERR_DB_READ);
+ close(fd);
+ return ERR_DB_FILE;
+ }
+ if (st.st_size != DB_SIZE)
+ {
+ if (ftruncate(fd, DB_SIZE) == -1)
+ {
+ printf(M_ERR_DB_WRITE);
+ close(fd);
+ return ERR_DB_FILE;
+ }
+ }
+ return fd;
+}
+
+/*
+ * get_student
+ * Reads the student record for the given id.
+ * If the record is empty (all zeros) returns SRCH_NOT_FOUND.
+ *
+ * Returns NO_ERROR on success, ERR_DB_FILE on I/O error, or SRCH_NOT_FOUND if not found.
+ */
+int get_student(int fd, int id, student_t *s)
+{
+ off_t offset = (id - MIN_STD_ID) * RECORD_SIZE;
+ if (lseek(fd, offset, SEEK_SET) == -1)
+ return ERR_DB_FILE;
+ ssize_t bytesRead = read(fd, s, RECORD_SIZE);
+ if (bytesRead != RECORD_SIZE)
+ return ERR_DB_FILE; // unexpected read error
+
+ student_t empty;
+ memset(&empty, 0, RECORD_SIZE);
+ if (memcmp(s, &empty, RECORD_SIZE) == 0)
+ return SRCH_NOT_FOUND;
+ return NO_ERROR;
+}
+
+/*
+ * add_student
+ * Adds a student to the database at the slot corresponding to its id.
+ * If the slot is already occupied, prints an error and returns ERR_DB_OP.
+ *
+ * Returns NO_ERROR on success, ERR_DB_FILE on I/O error, or ERR_DB_OP if student exists.
+ */
+int add_student(int fd, int id, char *fname, char *lname, int gpa)
+{
+ off_t offset = (id - MIN_STD_ID) * RECORD_SIZE;
+ student_t existing;
+
+ /* Seek to the proper offset in the file */
+ if (lseek(fd, offset, SEEK_SET) == -1) {
+ printf(M_ERR_DB_READ);
+ return ERR_DB_FILE;
+ }
+
+ /* Read the existing record */
+ if (read(fd, &existing, RECORD_SIZE) != RECORD_SIZE) {
+ printf(M_ERR_DB_READ);
+ return ERR_DB_FILE;
+ }
+
+ /* Create an empty record to compare against */
+ student_t empty;
+ memset(&empty, 0, RECORD_SIZE);
+
+ /* If the record is not empty, a student already exists */
+ if (memcmp(&existing, &empty, RECORD_SIZE) != 0) {
+ printf(M_ERR_DB_ADD_DUP, id);
+ return ERR_DB_OP;
+ }
+
+ /* Prepare the new student record */
+ student_t new_student;
+ memset(&new_student, 0, RECORD_SIZE);
+ new_student.id = id;
+ new_student.gpa = gpa;
+
+ /* Copy the names safely into the record */
+ strncpy(new_student.fname, fname, sizeof(new_student.fname) - 1);
+ new_student.fname[sizeof(new_student.fname) - 1] = '\0';
+ strncpy(new_student.lname, lname, sizeof(new_student.lname) - 1);
+ new_student.lname[sizeof(new_student.lname) - 1] = '\0';
+
+ /* Seek back to the record location and write the new record */
+ if (lseek(fd, offset, SEEK_SET) == -1) {
+ printf(M_ERR_DB_WRITE);
+ return ERR_DB_FILE;
+ }
+ if (write(fd, &new_student, RECORD_SIZE) != RECORD_SIZE) {
+ printf(M_ERR_DB_WRITE);
+ return ERR_DB_FILE;
+ }
+
+ /* Success */
+ printf(M_STD_ADDED, id);
+ return NO_ERROR;
+}
+
+/*
+ * del_student
+ * Deletes the student with the given id by writing an empty record (all zeros) in its place.
+ * If the student does not exist, prints an error.
+ *
+ * Returns NO_ERROR on success, ERR_DB_FILE on I/O error, or ERR_DB_OP if student not found.
+ */
+int del_student(int fd, int id)
+{
+ student_t student;
+ int rc = get_student(fd, id, &student);
+ if (rc == SRCH_NOT_FOUND)
+ {
+ printf(M_STD_NOT_FND_MSG, id);
+ return ERR_DB_OP;
+ }
+ else if (rc != NO_ERROR)
+ {
+ printf(M_ERR_DB_READ);
+ return ERR_DB_FILE;
+ }
+ student_t empty;
+ memset(&empty, 0, RECORD_SIZE);
+ off_t offset = (id - MIN_STD_ID) * RECORD_SIZE;
+ if (lseek(fd, offset, SEEK_SET) == -1)
+ {
+ printf(M_ERR_DB_WRITE);
+ return ERR_DB_FILE;
+ }
+ if (write(fd, &empty, RECORD_SIZE) != RECORD_SIZE)
+ {
+ printf(M_ERR_DB_WRITE);
+ return ERR_DB_FILE;
+ }
+ printf(M_STD_DEL_MSG, id);
+ return NO_ERROR;
+}
+
+/*
+ * count_db_records
+ * Scans through the entire database file (all 100000 records) and counts the number of valid (non‑empty) records.
+ *
+ * If count is zero, prints M_DB_EMPTY; otherwise prints M_DB_RECORD_CNT with the count.
+ *
+ * Returns the count on success or ERR_DB_FILE on error.
+ */
+int count_db_records(int fd)
+{
+ if (lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_SET) == -1)
+ {
+ printf(M_ERR_DB_READ);
+ return ERR_DB_FILE;
+ }
+ int count = 0;
+ student_t student;
+ student_t empty;
+ memset(&empty, 0, RECORD_SIZE);
+ ssize_t bytesRead;
+ for (int i = 0; i < 100000; i++) {
+ bytesRead = read(fd, &student, RECORD_SIZE);
+ if (bytesRead != RECORD_SIZE)
+ {
+ printf(M_ERR_DB_READ);
+ return ERR_DB_FILE;
+ }
+ if (memcmp(&student, &empty, RECORD_SIZE) != 0)
+ count++;
+ }
+ if (count == 0)
+ printf(M_DB_EMPTY);
+ else
+ printf(M_DB_RECORD_CNT, count);
+ return count;
+}
+
+/*
+ * print_db
+ * Scans the entire database file and prints all valid student records.
+ * For the first valid record found, prints the header first.
+ *
+ * Returns NO_ERROR on success, or ERR_DB_FILE on error.
+ */
+int print_db(int fd)
+{
+ if (lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_SET) == -1)
+ {
+ printf(M_ERR_DB_READ);
+ return ERR_DB_FILE;
+ }
+ student_t student;
+ student_t empty;
+ memset(&empty, 0, RECORD_SIZE);
+ bool headerPrinted = false;
+ bool anyRecord = false;
+ ssize_t bytesRead;
+ for (int i = 0; i < 100000; i++) {
+ bytesRead = read(fd, &student, RECORD_SIZE);
+ if (bytesRead != RECORD_SIZE)
+ {
+ printf(M_ERR_DB_READ);
+ return ERR_DB_FILE;
+ }
+ if (memcmp(&student, &empty, RECORD_SIZE) != 0)
+ {
+ if (!headerPrinted)
+ {
+ printf(STUDENT_PRINT_HDR_STRING);
+ headerPrinted = true;
+ }
+ float realGpa = student.gpa / 100.0;
+ printf(STUDENT_PRINT_FMT_STRING, student.id, student.fname, student.lname, realGpa);
+ anyRecord = true;
+ }
+ }
+ if (!anyRecord)
+ printf(M_DB_EMPTY);
+ return NO_ERROR;
+}
+
+/*
+ * print_student
+ * If the provided student pointer is valid (non-NULL and id nonzero), prints the header then the record.
+ * Otherwise prints M_ERR_STD_PRINT.
+ */
+void print_student(student_t *s)
+{
+ if (s == NULL || s->id == 0)
+ {
+ printf(M_ERR_STD_PRINT);
+ return;
+ }
+ printf(STUDENT_PRINT_HDR_STRING);
+ float realGpa = s->gpa / 100.0;
+ printf(STUDENT_PRINT_FMT_STRING, s->id, s->fname, s->lname, realGpa);
+}
+
+/*
+ * compress_db
+ * (Extra credit) Compresses the database file by copying only valid records into a temporary file,
+ * then renames that file to be the active database.
+ *
+ * Returns the file descriptor of the new database on success, or ERR_DB_FILE on failure.
+ */
+int compress_db(int fd)
+{
+ // Open temporary file.
+ mode_t mode = S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR | S_IRGRP | S_IWGRP;
+ int tmp_fd = open(TMP_DB_FILE, O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, mode);
+ if (tmp_fd == -1)
+ {
+ printf(M_ERR_DB_OPEN);
+ return ERR_DB_FILE;
+ }
+
+ if (lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_SET) == -1)
+ {
+ printf(M_ERR_DB_READ);
+ close(tmp_fd);
+ return ERR_DB_FILE;
+ }
+ student_t student;
+ student_t empty;
+ memset(&empty, 0, RECORD_SIZE);
+ ssize_t bytesRead;
+ // Copy only valid records.
+ for (int i = 0; i < 100000; i++) {
+ bytesRead = read(fd, &student, RECORD_SIZE);
+ if (bytesRead != RECORD_SIZE)
+ {
+ printf(M_ERR_DB_READ);
+ close(tmp_fd);
+ return ERR_DB_FILE;
+ }
+ if (memcmp(&student, &empty, RECORD_SIZE) != 0)
+ {
+ if (write(tmp_fd, &student, RECORD_SIZE) != RECORD_SIZE)
+ {
+ printf(M_ERR_DB_WRITE);
+ close(tmp_fd);
+ return ERR_DB_FILE;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ close(fd);
+ close(tmp_fd);
+ // Rename the temporary file to the active database file.
+ if (rename(TMP_DB_FILE, DB_FILE) == -1)
+ {
+ printf(M_ERR_DB_WRITE);
+ return ERR_DB_FILE;
+ }
+ int new_fd = open_db(DB_FILE, false);
+ if (new_fd < 0)
+ {
+ printf(M_ERR_DB_OPEN);
+ return ERR_DB_FILE;
+ }
+ printf(M_DB_COMPRESSED_OK);
+ return new_fd;
+}
+
+/*
+ * validate_range
+ * Validates that the provided id and gpa are within the allowed ranges.
+ *
+ * Returns NO_ERROR if valid, or EXIT_FAIL_ARGS otherwise.
+ */
+int validate_range(int id, int gpa)
+{
+ if ((id < MIN_STD_ID) || (id > MAX_STD_ID))
+ return EXIT_FAIL_ARGS;
+ if ((gpa < MIN_STD_GPA) || (gpa > MAX_STD_GPA))
+ return EXIT_FAIL_ARGS;
+ return NO_ERROR;
+}
+
+/*
+ * usage
+ * Prints the proper usage for this program.
+ */
+void usage(char *exename)
+{
+ printf("usage: %s -[h|a|c|d|f|p|x|z] options. Where:\n", exename);
+ printf("\t-h: prints help\n");
+ printf("\t-a id first_name last_name gpa(as 3 digit int): adds a student\n");
+ printf("\t-c: counts the records in the database\n");
+ printf("\t-d id: deletes a student\n");
+ printf("\t-f id: finds and prints a student in the database\n");
+ printf("\t-p: prints all records in the student database\n");
+ printf("\t-x: compress the database file [EXTRA CREDIT]\n");
+ printf("\t-z: zero db file (remove all records)\n");
+}
+
+/*============================================================*/
+/* MAIN */
+/*============================================================*/
+int main(int argc, char *argv[])
+{
+ char opt;
+ int fd;
+ int rc;
+ int exit_code = EXIT_OK;
+ int id, gpa;
+ student_t student = {0};
+
+ if (argc < 2 || argv[1][0] != '-')
+ {
+ usage(argv[0]);
+ exit(EXIT_FAIL_ARGS);
+ }
+
+ opt = argv[1][1];
+
+ if (opt == 'h')
+ {
+ usage(argv[0]);
+ exit(EXIT_OK);
+ }
+
+ /* For most options open the db without truncation.
+ (For -z we will reopen with truncation.) */
+ fd = open_db(DB_FILE, false);
+ if (fd < 0)
+ exit(EXIT_FAIL_DB);
+
+ switch(opt)
+ {
+ case 'a':
+ // Expect: prog -a id first_name last_name gpa
+ if (argc != 6)
+ {
+ usage(argv[0]);
+ exit_code = EXIT_FAIL_ARGS;
+ break;
+ }
+ id = atoi(argv[2]);
+ gpa = atoi(argv[5]);
+ if (validate_range(id, gpa) != NO_ERROR)
+ {
+ printf(M_ERR_STD_RNG);
+ exit_code = EXIT_FAIL_ARGS;
+ break;
+ }
+ rc = add_student(fd, id, argv[3], argv[4], gpa);
+ if (rc < 0)
+ exit_code = EXIT_FAIL_DB;
+ break;
+
+ case 'c':
+ rc = count_db_records(fd);
+ if (rc < 0)
+ exit_code = EXIT_FAIL_DB;
+ break;
+
+ case 'd':
+ if (argc != 3)
+ {
+ usage(argv[0]);
+ exit_code = EXIT_FAIL_ARGS;
+ break;
+ }
+ id = atoi(argv[2]);
+ rc = del_student(fd, id);
+ if (rc < 0)
+ exit_code = EXIT_FAIL_DB;
+ break;
+
+ case 'f':
+ if (argc != 3)
+ {
+ usage(argv[0]);
+ exit_code = EXIT_FAIL_ARGS;
+ break;
+ }
+ id = atoi(argv[2]);
+ rc = get_student(fd, id, &student);
+ if (rc == NO_ERROR)
+ print_student(&student);
+ else if (rc == SRCH_NOT_FOUND)
+ {
+ printf(M_STD_NOT_FND_MSG, id);
+ exit_code = EXIT_FAIL_DB;
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ printf(M_ERR_DB_READ);
+ exit_code = EXIT_FAIL_DB;
+ }
+ break;
+
+ case 'p':
+ rc = print_db(fd);
+ if (rc < 0)
+ exit_code = EXIT_FAIL_DB;
+ break;
+
+ case 'x':
+ // compress the database file (extra credit)
+ fd = compress_db(fd);
+ if (fd < 0)
+ exit_code = EXIT_FAIL_DB;
+ break;
+
+ case 'z':
+ // Zero the db: close and reopen with truncation.
+ close(fd);
+ fd = open_db(DB_FILE, true);
+ if (fd < 0)
+ {
+ exit_code = EXIT_FAIL_DB;
+ break;
+ }
+ printf(M_DB_ZERO_OK);
+ exit_code = EXIT_OK;
+ break;
+
+ default:
+ usage(argv[0]);
+ exit_code = EXIT_FAIL_ARGS;
+ }
+
+ close(fd);
+ exit(exit_code);
+}
\ No newline at end of file
--
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