From d256c28b5444d97991e9f7b3a9a3e4280e1144dc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: vyvyvyThao <wn73@drexel.edu>
Date: Thu, 13 Mar 2025 22:13:57 -0400
Subject: [PATCH] upload
---
6-RShell/bats/assignment_tests.sh | 36 ++
6-RShell/bats/student_tests.sh | 148 ++++++
6-RShell/dsh | Bin 0 -> 59104 bytes
6-RShell/dsh_cli.c | 149 ++++++
6-RShell/dshlib.c | 365 +++++++++++++++
6-RShell/dshlib.h | 92 ++++
6-RShell/makefile | 31 ++
6-RShell/questions.md | 19 +
6-RShell/rsh_cli.c | 258 +++++++++++
6-RShell/rsh_server.c | 745 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
6-RShell/rshlib.h | 78 ++++
11 files changed, 1921 insertions(+)
create mode 100644 6-RShell/bats/assignment_tests.sh
create mode 100644 6-RShell/bats/student_tests.sh
create mode 100755 6-RShell/dsh
create mode 100644 6-RShell/dsh_cli.c
create mode 100644 6-RShell/dshlib.c
create mode 100644 6-RShell/dshlib.h
create mode 100644 6-RShell/makefile
create mode 100644 6-RShell/questions.md
create mode 100644 6-RShell/rsh_cli.c
create mode 100644 6-RShell/rsh_server.c
create mode 100644 6-RShell/rshlib.h
diff --git a/6-RShell/bats/assignment_tests.sh b/6-RShell/bats/assignment_tests.sh
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7a8a30c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/6-RShell/bats/assignment_tests.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bats
+
+############################ DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE #####################################
+# File: assignement_tests.sh
+#
+# DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE
+#
+# Add/Edit Student tests in student_tests.sh
+#
+# All tests in this file must pass - it is used as part of grading!
+########################################################################################
+
+@test "Pipes" {
+ run "./dsh" <<EOF
+ls | grep dshlib.c
+EOF
+
+ # Strip all whitespace (spaces, tabs, newlines) from the output
+ stripped_output=$(echo "$output" | tr -d '[:space:]')
+
+ # Expected output with all whitespace removed for easier matching
+ expected_output="dshlib.clocalmodedsh4>dsh4>cmdloopreturned0"
+
+ # These echo commands will help with debugging and will only print
+ #if the test fails
+ echo "Captured stdout:"
+ echo "Output: $output"
+ echo "Exit Status: $status"
+ echo "${stripped_output} -> ${expected_output}"
+
+ # Check exact match
+ [ "$stripped_output" = "$expected_output" ]
+
+ # Assertions
+ [ "$status" -eq 0 ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/6-RShell/bats/student_tests.sh b/6-RShell/bats/student_tests.sh
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..48122f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/6-RShell/bats/student_tests.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bats
+
+# File: student_tests.sh
+# Testing the remote shell server implementation
+
+# helper function to start server in background
+setup() {
+ # create a test directory and files
+ mkdir -p rshell_test
+ cd rshell_test
+ echo "test content" > testfile.txt
+
+ # start server in background with test port
+ ../dsh -s -p 5555 &
+ SERVER_PID=$!
+ sleep 1
+}
+
+# helper function to cleanup after each test
+teardown() {
+ # kill server if it's running
+ if [ -n "$SERVER_PID" ]; then
+ kill $SERVER_PID 2>/dev/null || true
+ wait $SERVER_PID 2>/dev/null || true
+ fi
+
+ # cleanup test directory
+ cd ..
+ rm -rf rshell_test
+}
+
+@test "test_server_startup" {
+ # check if server process is running
+ ps -p $SERVER_PID
+ [ "$?" -eq 0 ]
+}
+
+# test server file creation
+@test "test_server_file_operations" {
+ # create a file through client command
+ echo "touch serverfile.txt" | ../dsh -c -p 5555
+
+ # verify file exists on server side
+ [ -f "serverfile.txt" ]
+}
+
+# test server directory operations
+@test "test_server_directory_operations" {
+ # create directory through client
+ echo "mkdir testdir" | ../dsh -c -p 5555
+
+ # verify directory exists on server side
+ [ -d "testdir" ]
+
+ # change into directory and create file
+ {
+ echo "cd testdir"
+ echo "touch inside.txt"
+ } | ../dsh -c -p 5555
+
+ # verify file exists in correct location on server
+ [ -f "testdir/inside.txt" ]
+}
+
+# test server file content modification
+@test "test_server_file_modification" {
+ # create and write to file through client
+ {
+ echo "echo 'server content' > server_write.txt"
+ echo "exit"
+ } | ../dsh -c -p 5555
+
+ # verify file content on server side
+ [ -f "server_write.txt" ]
+ grep -q "server content" "server_write.txt"
+}
+
+# test server pipe operations
+@test "test_server_pipe_operations" {
+ # create test files on server side
+ echo "line1\nline2\nline3" > input.txt
+
+ # use pipe operation through client
+ echo "cat input.txt | grep line2 > output.txt" | ../dsh -c -p 5555
+
+ # verify result on server side
+ [ -f "output.txt" ]
+ grep -q "line2" "output.txt"
+}
+
+# test ls command
+@test "test_server_ls" {
+ echo "ls > ls.txt" | ../dsh -c -p 5555
+ [ -f "ls.txt" ]
+ grep -q "testfile.txt" "ls.txt"
+}
+
+# test server stop command
+@test "test_server_stop" {
+ # tend stop-server command
+ echo "stop-server" | ../dsh -c -p 5555
+
+ # wait
+ sleep 1
+
+ # verify server process is no longer running
+ ! ps -p $SERVER_PID
+}
+
+# test server concurrent file access (if extra credit implemented)
+# @test "test_server_concurrent_access" {
+# # create a test file
+# echo "initial" > /tmp/rshell_test/concurrent.txt
+
+# # start two clients modifying the same file
+# {
+# echo "echo 'client1' >> concurrent.txt"
+# echo "exit"
+# } | ../dsh -c -p 5555 &
+
+# {
+# echo "echo 'client2' >> concurrent.txt"
+# echo "exit"
+# } | ../dsh -c -p 5555 &
+
+# # wait for both to complete
+# wait
+
+# # verify both writes occurred on server side
+# grep -q "client1" "/tmp/rshell_test/concurrent.txt"
+# grep -q "client2" "/tmp/rshell_test/concurrent.txt"
+# }
+
+# test server working directory persistence
+@test "test_server_working_directory" {
+ # create nested directories
+ mkdir -p dir1/dir2
+
+ # change directory and verify through file creation
+ {
+ echo "cd dir1/dir2"
+ echo "pwd > pwd.txt"
+ } | ../dsh -c -p 5555
+
+ # verify pwd.txt exists in correct directory on server
+ [ -f "dir1/dir2/pwd.txt" ]
+ grep -q "dir2" "dir1/dir2/pwd.txt"
+}
diff --git a/6-RShell/dsh b/6-RShell/dsh
new file mode 100755
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diff --git a/6-RShell/dsh_cli.c b/6-RShell/dsh_cli.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..68fab16
--- /dev/null
+++ b/6-RShell/dsh_cli.c
@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <argp.h>
+#include <getopt.h>
+
+#include "dshlib.h"
+#include "rshlib.h"
+
+
+/*
+ * Used to pass startup parameters back to main
+ */
+#define MODE_LCLI 0 //Local client
+#define MODE_SCLI 1 //Socket client
+#define MODE_SSVR 2 //Socket server
+
+typedef struct cmd_args{
+ int mode;
+ char ip[16]; //e.g., 192.168.100.101\0
+ int port;
+ int threaded_server;
+}cmd_args_t;
+
+
+
+//You dont really need to understand this but the C runtime library provides
+//an getopt() service to simplify handling command line arguments. This
+//code will help setup dsh to handle triggering client or server mode along
+//with passing optional connection parameters.
+
+void print_usage(const char *progname) {
+ printf("Usage: %s [-c | -s] [-i IP] [-p PORT] [-x] [-h]\n", progname);
+ printf(" Default is to run %s in local mode\n", progname);
+ printf(" -c Run as client\n");
+ printf(" -s Run as server\n");
+ printf(" -i IP Set IP/Interface address (only valid with -c or -s)\n");
+ printf(" -p PORT Set port number (only valid with -c or -s)\n");
+ printf(" -x Enable threaded mode (only valid with -s)\n");
+ printf(" -h Show this help message\n");
+ exit(0);
+}
+
+void parse_args(int argc, char *argv[], cmd_args_t *cargs) {
+ int opt;
+ memset(cargs, 0, sizeof(cmd_args_t));
+
+ //defaults
+ cargs->mode = MODE_LCLI;
+ cargs->port = RDSH_DEF_PORT;
+
+ while ((opt = getopt(argc, argv, "csi:p:xh")) != -1) {
+ switch (opt) {
+ case 'c':
+ if (cargs->mode != MODE_LCLI) {
+ fprintf(stderr, "Error: Cannot use both -c and -s\n");
+ exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+ }
+ cargs->mode = MODE_SCLI;
+ strncpy(cargs->ip, RDSH_DEF_CLI_CONNECT, sizeof(cargs->ip) - 1);
+ break;
+ case 's':
+ if (cargs->mode != MODE_LCLI) {
+ fprintf(stderr, "Error: Cannot use both -c and -s\n");
+ exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+ }
+ cargs->mode = MODE_SSVR;
+ strncpy(cargs->ip, RDSH_DEF_SVR_INTFACE, sizeof(cargs->ip) - 1);
+ break;
+ case 'i':
+ if (cargs->mode == MODE_LCLI) {
+ fprintf(stderr, "Error: -i can only be used with -c or -s\n");
+ exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+ }
+ strncpy(cargs->ip, optarg, sizeof(cargs->ip) - 1);
+ cargs->ip[sizeof(cargs->ip) - 1] = '\0'; // Ensure null termination
+ break;
+ case 'p':
+ if (cargs->mode == MODE_LCLI) {
+ fprintf(stderr, "Error: -p can only be used with -c or -s\n");
+ exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+ }
+ cargs->port = atoi(optarg);
+ if (cargs->port <= 0) {
+ fprintf(stderr, "Error: Invalid port number\n");
+ exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+ }
+ break;
+ case 'x':
+ if (cargs->mode != MODE_SSVR) {
+ fprintf(stderr, "Error: -x can only be used with -s\n");
+ exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+ }
+ cargs->threaded_server = 1;
+ break;
+ case 'h':
+ print_usage(argv[0]);
+ break;
+ default:
+ print_usage(argv[0]);
+ }
+ }
+
+ if (cargs->threaded_server && cargs->mode != MODE_SSVR) {
+ fprintf(stderr, "Error: -x can only be used with -s\n");
+ exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+ }
+}
+
+
+
+/* DO NOT EDIT
+ * main() logic fully implemented to:
+ * 1. run locally (no parameters)
+ * 2. start the server with the -s option
+ * 3. start the client with the -c option
+*/
+int main(int argc, char *argv[]){
+ cmd_args_t cargs;
+ int rc;
+
+ memset(&cargs, 0, sizeof(cmd_args_t));
+ parse_args(argc, argv, &cargs);
+
+ switch(cargs.mode){
+ case MODE_LCLI:
+ printf("local mode\n");
+ rc = exec_local_cmd_loop();
+ break;
+ case MODE_SCLI:
+ printf("socket client mode: addr:%s:%d\n", cargs.ip, cargs.port);
+ rc = exec_remote_cmd_loop(cargs.ip, cargs.port);
+ break;
+ case MODE_SSVR:
+ printf("socket server mode: addr:%s:%d\n", cargs.ip, cargs.port);
+ if (cargs.threaded_server){
+ printf("-> Multi-Threaded Mode\n");
+ } else {
+ printf("-> Single-Threaded Mode\n");
+ }
+ rc = start_server(cargs.ip, cargs.port, cargs.threaded_server);
+ break;
+ default:
+ printf("error unknown mode\n");
+ exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+ }
+
+ printf("cmd loop returned %d\n", rc);
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/6-RShell/dshlib.c b/6-RShell/dshlib.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c242131
--- /dev/null
+++ b/6-RShell/dshlib.c
@@ -0,0 +1,365 @@
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <sys/wait.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+
+#include "dshlib.h"
+
+void printDragon(){
+ const char dragon[39][103] = {
+" @%%%% \n",
+" %%%%%% \n",
+" %%%%%% \n",
+" % %%%%%%% @ \n",
+" %%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%% \n",
+" %%%%%%% %%%%@ %%%%%%%%%%%%@ %%%%%% @%%%% \n",
+" %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% \n",
+" %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%% \n",
+" %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%% \n",
+" %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%@ @%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %% \n",
+" %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% \n",
+" %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% \n",
+" %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%@%%%%%%@ \n",
+" %%%%%%%%@ %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %% \n",
+" %%%%%%%%%%%%% %%@%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%% @% \n",
+" %%%%%%%%%% %%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% \n",
+" %%%%%%%%% % %%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%@%%%%%%%%%%% \n",
+"%%%%%%%%%@ % %%%%%%%%%%%%% @%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% \n",
+"%%%%%%%%@ %%@%%%%%%%%%%%% @%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% \n",
+"%%%%%%%@ %%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% \n",
+"%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%% \n",
+"%%%%%%%%%@ @%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%@ %%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%\n",
+"%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%\n",
+"%%%%%%%%%@%%@ %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%@ %%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%\n",
+" %%%%%%%%%% % %%%%%%%%%%%%%%@ %%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%\n",
+" %%%%%%%%%%%% @ %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%% \n",
+" %%%%%%%%%%%%% %% % %@ %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%% \n",
+" %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% @%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%% \n",
+" %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%% \n",
+" @%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% \n",
+" %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%% \n",
+" %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%% @%%%%%%%%% \n",
+" %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% @%@% @%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%% \n",
+" %%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%% % \n",
+" %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%% \n",
+" %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%% %%% %%%%%%%%%% %%%@ \n",
+" %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%% %% %%%%%%%%%%%%%@ \n",
+" %%%%%%%@ \n"
+ };
+
+
+ for (int i = 0; i < sizeof(dragon) / sizeof(dragon[0]); i++) {
+ for (int j = 0; j < sizeof(dragon[0]) / sizeof(dragon[0][0]); j++) {
+ if (dragon[i][j] == 0) break;
+ putchar((char)dragon[i][j]);
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Implement your exec_local_cmd_loop function by building a loop that prompts the
+ * user for input. Use the SH_PROMPT constant from dshlib.h and then
+ * use fgets to accept user input.
+ *
+ * while(1){
+ * printf("%s", SH_PROMPT);
+ * if (fgets(cmd_buff, ARG_MAX, stdin) == NULL){
+ * printf("\n");
+ * break;
+ * }
+ * //remove the trailing \n from cmd_buff
+ * cmd_buff[strcspn(cmd_buff,"\n")] = '\0';
+ *
+ * //IMPLEMENT THE REST OF THE REQUIREMENTS
+ * }
+ *
+ * Also, use the constants in the dshlib.h in this code.
+ * SH_CMD_MAX maximum buffer size for user input
+ * EXIT_CMD constant that terminates the dsh program
+ * SH_PROMPT the shell prompt
+ * OK the command was parsed properly
+ * WARN_NO_CMDS the user command was empty
+ * ERR_TOO_MANY_COMMANDS too many pipes used
+ * ERR_MEMORY dynamic memory management failure
+ *
+ * errors returned
+ * OK No error
+ * ERR_MEMORY Dynamic memory management failure
+ * WARN_NO_CMDS No commands parsed
+ * ERR_TOO_MANY_COMMANDS too many pipes used
+ *
+ * console messages
+ * CMD_WARN_NO_CMD print on WARN_NO_CMDS
+ * CMD_ERR_PIPE_LIMIT print on ERR_TOO_MANY_COMMANDS
+ * CMD_ERR_EXECUTE print on execution failure of external command
+ *
+ * Standard Library Functions You Might Want To Consider Using (assignment 1+)
+ * malloc(), free(), strlen(), fgets(), strcspn(), printf()
+ *
+ * Standard Library Functions You Might Want To Consider Using (assignment 2+)
+ * fork(), execvp(), exit(), chdir()
+ */
+
+int build_cmd_list(char *cmd_line, command_list_t *clist)
+{
+ if (strlen(cmd_line) == 0) {
+ printf(CMD_WARN_NO_CMD);
+ return OK;
+ }
+
+ // Initialize command list
+ clist->num = 0;
+ memset(clist->commands, 0, sizeof(clist->commands));
+
+ // Split by pipe
+ char *saveptr1; // For the pipe tokenization
+ char *saveptr2; // For the argument tokenization
+ char *cmd_copy = strdup(cmd_line);
+ if (!cmd_copy) return ERR_MEMORY;
+
+ char *cmd = strtok_r(cmd_copy, "|", &saveptr1);
+ while (cmd != NULL) {
+ // Trim leading/trailing spaces
+ while (*cmd == ' ') cmd++;
+ char *end = cmd + strlen(cmd) - 1;
+ while (end > cmd && *end == ' ') {
+ *end = '\0';
+ end--;
+ }
+
+ if (strlen(cmd) == 0) {
+ cmd = strtok_r(NULL, "|", &saveptr1);
+ continue;
+ }
+
+ // Check command limit
+ if (clist->num >= CMD_MAX) {
+ free(cmd_copy);
+ return ERR_TOO_MANY_COMMANDS;
+ }
+
+ // Parse command and arguments
+ cmd_buff_t *curr_cmd = &clist->commands[clist->num];
+ curr_cmd->argc = 0;
+
+ // Split command into arguments
+ char *arg = strtok_r(cmd, " ", &saveptr2);
+ while (arg != NULL) {
+ if (curr_cmd->argc >= CMD_ARGV_MAX) {
+ free(cmd_copy);
+ return ERR_CMD_OR_ARGS_TOO_BIG;
+ }
+ curr_cmd->argv[curr_cmd->argc++] = strdup(arg);
+ arg = strtok_r(NULL, " ", &saveptr2);
+ }
+ curr_cmd->argv[curr_cmd->argc] = NULL;
+
+ clist->num++;
+ cmd = strtok_r(NULL, "|", &saveptr1);
+ }
+
+ free(cmd_copy);
+ return OK;
+}
+
+int exec_local_cmd_loop()
+{
+ char cmd_buff[SH_CMD_MAX];
+ int rc = 0;
+ command_list_t clist;
+ memset(&clist, 0, sizeof(command_list_t));
+
+ while(1) {
+ printf("%s", SH_PROMPT);
+
+ if (fgets(cmd_buff, SH_CMD_MAX, stdin) == NULL) {
+ printf("\n");
+ break;
+ }
+
+ // Remove trailing newline
+ cmd_buff[strcspn(cmd_buff, "\n")] = '\0';
+
+ // Skip empty commands
+ if (strlen(cmd_buff) == 0) {
+ printf(CMD_WARN_NO_CMD);
+ continue;
+ }
+
+ // Parse commands by pipe
+ rc = build_cmd_list(cmd_buff, &clist);
+ if (rc != OK) {
+ if (rc == ERR_TOO_MANY_COMMANDS) {
+ printf(CMD_ERR_PIPE_LIMIT, CMD_MAX);
+ }
+ continue;
+ }
+
+ // Handle built-in commands
+ if (clist.num == 1) {
+ if (strcmp(clist.commands[0].argv[0], EXIT_CMD) == 0) {
+ break;
+ } else if (strcmp(clist.commands[0].argv[0], "cd") == 0) {
+ if (clist.commands[0].argv[1]) {
+ if (chdir(clist.commands[0].argv[1]) != 0) {
+ perror("cd");
+ rc = ERR_CMD_ARGS_BAD;
+ }
+ }
+ continue;
+ } else if (strcmp(clist.commands[0].argv[0], "dragon") == 0) {
+ printDragon();
+ continue;
+ } else if (strcmp(clist.commands[0].argv[0], "rc") == 0) {
+ printf("%d\n", rc);
+ continue;
+ }
+ }
+
+ // Handle external commands with pipes
+ pid_t pids[CMD_MAX];
+ int pipes[CMD_MAX - 1][2];
+
+ // Create pipes
+ for (int i = 0; i < clist.num - 1; i++) {
+ if (pipe(pipes[i]) == -1) {
+ perror("pipe");
+ rc = ERR_MEMORY;
+ continue;
+ }
+ }
+
+ // Execute each command
+ for (int i = 0; i < clist.num; i++) {
+ pids[i] = fork();
+
+ if (pids[i] < 0) {
+ perror("fork");
+ rc = ERR_MEMORY;
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (pids[i] == 0) { // Child process
+ // Set up pipe connections
+ if (i > 0) {
+ // Connect to previous pipe's read end
+ dup2(pipes[i-1][0], STDIN_FILENO);
+ }
+
+ if (i < clist.num - 1) {
+ // Connect to next pipe's write end
+ dup2(pipes[i][1], STDOUT_FILENO);
+ }
+
+ // Handle redirections by checking arguments
+ char *new_argv[CMD_ARGV_MAX];
+ int new_argc = 0;
+
+ for (int j = 0; j < clist.commands[i].argc; j++) {
+ char *arg = clist.commands[i].argv[j];
+
+ if (strcmp(arg, "<") == 0 && j + 1 < clist.commands[i].argc) {
+ // Input redirection
+ int fd = open(clist.commands[i].argv[j + 1], O_RDONLY);
+ if (fd == -1) {
+ perror("open input file");
+ exit(1);
+ }
+ dup2(fd, STDIN_FILENO);
+ close(fd);
+ j++; // Skip the filename
+ continue;
+ }
+
+ if (strcmp(arg, ">") == 0 && j + 1 < clist.commands[i].argc) {
+ // Output redirection (overwrite)
+ int fd = open(clist.commands[i].argv[j + 1], O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644);
+ if (fd == -1) {
+ perror("open output file");
+ exit(1);
+ }
+ dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
+ close(fd);
+ j++; // Skip the filename
+ continue;
+ }
+
+ if (strcmp(arg, ">>") == 0 && j + 1 < clist.commands[i].argc) {
+ // Output redirection (append)
+ int fd = open(clist.commands[i].argv[j + 1], O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_APPEND, 0644);
+ if (fd == -1) {
+ perror("open output file");
+ exit(1);
+ }
+ dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
+ close(fd);
+ j++; // Skip the filename
+ continue;
+ }
+
+ // If not a redirection operator, add to new argv
+ new_argv[new_argc++] = arg;
+ }
+ new_argv[new_argc] = NULL;
+
+ // Close all pipe ends in child
+ for (int j = 0; j < clist.num - 1; j++) {
+ close(pipes[j][0]);
+ close(pipes[j][1]);
+ }
+
+ // Execute the command with cleaned up arguments
+ execvp(new_argv[0], new_argv);
+ perror("execvp");
+ exit(errno);
+ }
+ }
+
+ // Parent process: close all pipe ends
+ for (int i = 0; i < clist.num - 1; i++) {
+ close(pipes[i][0]);
+ close(pipes[i][1]);
+ }
+
+ // Wait for all children to complete and get the last command's status
+ for (int i = 0; i < clist.num; i++) {
+ int status;
+ waitpid(pids[i], &status, 0);
+ if (i == clist.num - 1) { // Only use the last command's status
+ if (WIFEXITED(status)) {
+ rc = WEXITSTATUS(status);
+ } else {
+ rc = ERR_EXEC_CMD;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+ }
+
+ return OK;
+}
+
+int free_cmd_list(command_list_t *cmd_lst) {
+ if (cmd_lst == NULL) {
+ return OK;
+ }
+
+ // Free each command's arguments
+ for (int i = 0; i < cmd_lst->num; i++) {
+ cmd_buff_t *curr_cmd = &cmd_lst->commands[i];
+ for (int j = 0; j < curr_cmd->argc; j++) {
+ free(curr_cmd->argv[j]);
+ }
+ curr_cmd->argv[curr_cmd->argc] = NULL;
+ curr_cmd->argc = 0;
+ }
+
+ // Reset the number of commands
+ cmd_lst->num = 0;
+ return OK;
+}
diff --git a/6-RShell/dshlib.h b/6-RShell/dshlib.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b4cc21b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/6-RShell/dshlib.h
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+#ifndef __DSHLIB_H__
+ #define __DSHLIB_H__
+
+
+//Constants for command structure sizes
+#define EXE_MAX 64
+#define ARG_MAX 256
+#define CMD_MAX 8
+#define CMD_ARGV_MAX (CMD_MAX + 1)
+// Longest command that can be read from the shell
+#define SH_CMD_MAX EXE_MAX + ARG_MAX
+
+typedef struct command
+{
+ char exe[EXE_MAX];
+ char args[ARG_MAX];
+} command_t;
+
+#include <stdbool.h>
+
+typedef struct cmd_buff
+{
+ int argc;
+ char *argv[CMD_ARGV_MAX];
+ char *_cmd_buffer;
+ char *input_file; // extra credit, stores input redirection file (for `<`)
+ char *output_file; // extra credit, stores output redirection file (for `>`)
+ bool append_mode; // extra credit, sets append mode fomr output_file
+} cmd_buff_t;
+
+typedef struct command_list{
+ int num;
+ cmd_buff_t commands[CMD_MAX];
+}command_list_t;
+
+//Special character #defines
+#define SPACE_CHAR ' '
+#define PIPE_CHAR '|'
+#define PIPE_STRING "|"
+
+#define SH_PROMPT "dsh4> "
+#define EXIT_CMD "exit"
+#define RC_SC 99
+#define EXIT_SC 100
+
+//Standard Return Codes
+#define OK 0
+#define WARN_NO_CMDS -1
+#define ERR_TOO_MANY_COMMANDS -2
+#define ERR_CMD_OR_ARGS_TOO_BIG -3
+#define ERR_CMD_ARGS_BAD -4 //for extra credit
+#define ERR_MEMORY -5
+#define ERR_EXEC_CMD -6
+#define OK_EXIT -7
+
+
+
+//prototypes
+int alloc_cmd_buff(cmd_buff_t *cmd_buff);
+int free_cmd_buff(cmd_buff_t *cmd_buff);
+int clear_cmd_buff(cmd_buff_t *cmd_buff);
+int build_cmd_buff(char *cmd_line, cmd_buff_t *cmd_buff);
+int close_cmd_buff(cmd_buff_t *cmd_buff);
+int build_cmd_list(char *cmd_line, command_list_t *clist);
+int free_cmd_list(command_list_t *cmd_lst);
+
+//built in command stuff
+typedef enum {
+ BI_CMD_EXIT,
+ BI_CMD_DRAGON,
+ BI_CMD_CD,
+ BI_CMD_RC, //extra credit command
+ BI_CMD_STOP_SVR, //new command "stop-server"
+ BI_NOT_BI,
+ BI_EXECUTED,
+} Built_In_Cmds;
+Built_In_Cmds match_command(const char *input);
+Built_In_Cmds exec_built_in_cmd(cmd_buff_t *cmd);
+
+//main execution context
+int exec_local_cmd_loop();
+int exec_cmd(cmd_buff_t *cmd);
+int execute_pipeline(command_list_t *clist);
+
+
+//output constants
+#define CMD_OK_HEADER "PARSED COMMAND LINE - TOTAL COMMANDS %d\n"
+#define CMD_WARN_NO_CMD "warning: no commands provided\n"
+#define CMD_ERR_PIPE_LIMIT "error: piping limited to %d commands\n"
+#define BI_NOT_IMPLEMENTED "not implemented"
+
+#endif
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/6-RShell/makefile b/6-RShell/makefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b14b072
--- /dev/null
+++ b/6-RShell/makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+# Compiler settings
+CC = gcc
+CFLAGS = -Wall -Wextra -g
+
+# Target executable name
+TARGET = dsh
+
+# Find all source and header files
+SRCS = $(wildcard *.c)
+HDRS = $(wildcard *.h)
+
+# Default target
+all: $(TARGET)
+
+# Compile source to executable
+$(TARGET): $(SRCS) $(HDRS)
+ $(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o $(TARGET) $(SRCS)
+
+# Clean up build files
+clean:
+ rm -f $(TARGET)
+
+test:
+ bats $(wildcard ./bats/*.sh)
+
+valgrind:
+ echo "pwd\nexit" | valgrind --leak-check=full --show-leak-kinds=all --error-exitcode=1 ./$(TARGET)
+ echo "pwd\nexit" | valgrind --tool=helgrind --error-exitcode=1 ./$(TARGET)
+
+# Phony targets
+.PHONY: all clean test
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/6-RShell/questions.md b/6-RShell/questions.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..43ffc10
--- /dev/null
+++ b/6-RShell/questions.md
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+1. How does the remote client determine when a command's output is fully received from the server, and what techniques can be used to handle partial reads or ensure complete message transmission?
+
+_answer here_
+
+2. This week's lecture on TCP explains that it is a reliable stream protocol rather than a message-oriented one. Since TCP does not preserve message boundaries, how should a networked shell protocol define and detect the beginning and end of a command sent over a TCP connection? What challenges arise if this is not handled correctly?
+
+_answer here_
+
+3. Describe the general differences between stateful and stateless protocols.
+
+_answer here_
+
+4. Our lecture this week stated that UDP is "unreliable". If that is the case, why would we ever use it?
+
+_answer here_
+
+5. What interface/abstraction is provided by the operating system to enable applications to use network communications?
+
+_answer here_
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/6-RShell/rsh_cli.c b/6-RShell/rsh_cli.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..35acdcf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/6-RShell/rsh_cli.c
@@ -0,0 +1,258 @@
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+#include <arpa/inet.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <sys/un.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+
+#include "dshlib.h"
+#include "rshlib.h"
+
+
+
+
+/*
+ * exec_remote_cmd_loop(server_ip, port)
+ * server_ip: a string in ip address format, indicating the servers IP
+ * address. Note 127.0.0.1 is the default meaning the server
+ * is running on the same machine as the client
+ *
+ * port: The port the server will use. Note the constant
+ * RDSH_DEF_PORT which is 1234 in rshlib.h. If you are using
+ * tux you may need to change this to your own default, or even
+ * better use the command line override -c implemented in dsh_cli.c
+ * For example ./dsh -c 10.50.241.18:5678 where 5678 is the new port
+ * number and the server address is 10.50.241.18
+ *
+ * This function basically implements the network version of
+ * exec_local_cmd_loop() from the last assignemnt. It will:
+ *
+ * 1. Allocate buffers for sending and receiving data over the
+ * network
+ * 2. Create a network connection to the server, getting an active
+ * socket by calling the start_client(server_ip, port) function.
+ * 2. Go into an infinite while(1) loop prompting the user for
+ * input commands.
+ *
+ * a. Accept a command from the user via fgets()
+ * b. Send that command to the server using send() - it should
+ * be a null terminated string
+ * c. Go into a loop and receive client requests. Note each
+ * receive might not be a C string so you need to print it
+ * out using:
+ * printf("%.*s", (int)bytes_received, rsp_buff);
+ * this version of printf() uses the "%.*s" flag that indicates
+ * that the rsp_buff might be a null terminated string, or
+ * it might not be, if its not, print exactly bytes_received
+ * bytes.
+ * d. In the recv() loop described above. Each time you receive
+ * data from the server, see if the last byte received is the
+ * EOF character. This indicates the server is done and you can
+ * send another command by going to the top of the loop. The
+ * best way to do this is as follows assuming you are receiving
+ * data into a buffer called recv_buff, and you received
+ * recv_bytes in the call to recv:
+ *
+ * recv_bytes = recv(sock, recv_buff, recv_buff_sz, 0)
+ *
+ * if recv_bytes:
+ * <negative_number>: communication error
+ * 0: Didn't receive anything, likely server down
+ * > 0: Got some data. Check if the last byte is EOF
+ * is_eof = (recv_buff[recv_bytes-1] == RDSH_EOF_CHAR) ? 1 : 0;
+ * if is_eof is true, this is the last part of the transmission
+ * from the server and you can break out of the recv() loop.
+ *
+ * returns:
+ * OK: The client executed all of its commands and is exiting
+ * either by the `exit` command that terminates the client
+ * or the `stop-server` command that terminates both the
+ * client and the server.
+ * ERR_MEMORY: If this function cannot allocate memory via
+ * malloc for the send and receive buffers
+ * ERR_RDSH_CLIENT: If the client cannot connect to the server.
+ * AKA the call to start_client() fails.
+ * ERR_RDSH_COMMUNICATION: If there is a communication error, AKA
+ * any failures from send() or recv().
+ *
+ * NOTE: Since there are several exit points and each exit point must
+ * call free() on the buffers allocated, close the socket, and
+ * return an appropriate error code. Its suggested you use the
+ * helper function client_cleanup() for these purposes. For example:
+ *
+ * return client_cleanup(cli_socket, request_buff, resp_buff, ERR_RDSH_COMMUNICATION);
+ * return client_cleanup(cli_socket, request_buff, resp_buff, OK);
+ *
+ * The above will return ERR_RDSH_COMMUNICATION and OK respectively to the main()
+ * function after cleaning things up. See the documentation for client_cleanup()
+ *
+ */
+int exec_remote_cmd_loop(char *address, int port)
+{
+ char *cmd_buff;
+ char *rsp_buff;
+ int cli_socket;
+ ssize_t io_size;
+ int is_eof;
+ int rc = OK;
+
+ // Allocate buffers
+ cmd_buff = malloc(RDSH_COMM_BUFF_SZ);
+ rsp_buff = malloc(RDSH_COMM_BUFF_SZ);
+ if (cmd_buff == NULL || rsp_buff == NULL) {
+ return client_cleanup(-1, cmd_buff, rsp_buff, ERR_MEMORY);
+ }
+
+ // Connect to server
+ cli_socket = start_client(address, port);
+ if (cli_socket < 0){
+ perror("start client");
+ return client_cleanup(cli_socket, cmd_buff, rsp_buff, ERR_RDSH_CLIENT);
+ }
+
+ while (1)
+ {
+ printf(SH_PROMPT);
+
+ // get command input
+ if (fgets(cmd_buff, RDSH_COMM_BUFF_SZ, stdin) == NULL) {
+ break;
+ }
+
+ // remove trailing newline
+ cmd_buff[strcspn(cmd_buff, "\n")] = 0;
+
+ // send command to server (including null terminator)
+ if (send(cli_socket, cmd_buff, strlen(cmd_buff) + 1, 0) < 0) {
+ perror("send");
+ return client_cleanup(cli_socket, cmd_buff, rsp_buff, ERR_RDSH_COMMUNICATION);
+ }
+
+ // receive response from server
+ while ((io_size = recv(cli_socket, rsp_buff, RDSH_COMM_BUFF_SZ, 0)) > 0) {
+ // check if this is the last chunk
+ is_eof = (rsp_buff[io_size-1] == RDSH_EOF_CHAR) ? 1 : 0;
+
+ // print the received data
+ if (is_eof) {
+ printf("%.*s", (int)(io_size-1), rsp_buff);
+ } else {
+ printf("%.*s", (int)io_size, rsp_buff);
+ }
+
+ // if EOF, receiving done
+ if (is_eof) {
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+
+ if (io_size < 0) {
+ perror("recv");
+ return client_cleanup(cli_socket, cmd_buff, rsp_buff, ERR_RDSH_COMMUNICATION);
+ }
+
+ if (io_size == 0) {
+ // server closed connection
+ return client_cleanup(cli_socket, cmd_buff, rsp_buff, ERR_RDSH_COMMUNICATION);
+ }
+
+ // exit command
+ if (strcmp(cmd_buff, EXIT_CMD) == 0) {
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+
+ return client_cleanup(cli_socket, cmd_buff, rsp_buff, OK);
+}
+
+/*
+ * start_client(server_ip, port)
+ * server_ip: a string in ip address format, indicating the servers IP
+ * address. Note 127.0.0.1 is the default meaning the server
+ * is running on the same machine as the client
+ *
+ * port: The port the server will use. Note the constant
+ * RDSH_DEF_PORT which is 1234 in rshlib.h. If you are using
+ * tux you may need to change this to your own default, or even
+ * better use the command line override -c implemented in dsh_cli.c
+ * For example ./dsh -c 10.50.241.18:5678 where 5678 is the new port
+ * number and the server address is 10.50.241.18
+ *
+ * This function basically runs the client by:
+ * 1. Creating the client socket via socket()
+ * 2. Calling connect()
+ * 3. Returning the client socket after connecting to the server
+ *
+ * returns:
+ * client_socket: The file descriptor fd of the client socket
+ * ERR_RDSH_CLIENT: If socket() or connect() fail
+ *
+ */
+int start_client(char *server_ip, int port){
+ struct sockaddr_in addr;
+ int cli_socket;
+ int ret;
+
+ // Create socket
+ cli_socket = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
+ if (cli_socket == -1) {
+ perror("socket");
+ return ERR_RDSH_CLIENT;
+ }
+
+ // Set up address structure
+ memset(&addr, 0, sizeof(addr));
+ addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
+ addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(server_ip);
+ addr.sin_port = htons(port);
+
+ // Connect to server
+ ret = connect(cli_socket, (struct sockaddr *)&addr, sizeof(addr));
+ if (ret == -1) {
+ perror("connect");
+ close(cli_socket);
+ return ERR_RDSH_CLIENT;
+ }
+
+ return cli_socket;
+}
+
+/*
+ * client_cleanup(int cli_socket, char *cmd_buff, char *rsp_buff, int rc)
+ * cli_socket: The client socket
+ * cmd_buff: The buffer that will hold commands to send to server
+ * rsp_buff: The buffer that will hld server responses
+ *
+ * This function does the following:
+ * 1. If cli_socket > 0 it calls close(cli_socket) to close the socket
+ * 2. It calls free() on cmd_buff and rsp_buff
+ * 3. It returns the value passed as rc
+ *
+ * Note this function is intended to be helper to manage exit conditions
+ * from the exec_remote_cmd_loop() function given there are several
+ * cleanup steps. We provide it to you fully implemented as a helper.
+ * You do not have to use it if you want to develop an alternative
+ * strategy for cleaning things up in your exec_remote_cmd_loop()
+ * implementation.
+ *
+ * returns:
+ * rc: This function just returns the value passed as the
+ * rc parameter back to the caller. This way the caller
+ * can just write return client_cleanup(...)
+ *
+ */
+int client_cleanup(int cli_socket, char *cmd_buff, char *rsp_buff, int rc){
+ //If a valid socket number close it.
+ if(cli_socket > 0){
+ close(cli_socket);
+ }
+
+ //Free up the buffers
+ free(cmd_buff);
+ free(rsp_buff);
+
+ //Echo the return value that was passed as a parameter
+ return rc;
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/6-RShell/rsh_server.c b/6-RShell/rsh_server.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b0eb66c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/6-RShell/rsh_server.c
@@ -0,0 +1,745 @@
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+#include <sys/wait.h>
+#include <arpa/inet.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <sys/un.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <errno.h> // For errno
+
+//INCLUDES for extra credit
+//#include <signal.h>
+//#include <pthread.h>
+//-------------------------
+
+#include "dshlib.h"
+#include "rshlib.h"
+
+
+/*
+ * start_server(ifaces, port, is_threaded)
+ * ifaces: a string in ip address format, indicating the interface
+ * where the server will bind. In almost all cases it will
+ * be the default "0.0.0.0" which binds to all interfaces.
+ * note the constant RDSH_DEF_SVR_INTFACE in rshlib.h
+ *
+ * port: The port the server will use. Note the constant
+ * RDSH_DEF_PORT which is 1234 in rshlib.h. If you are using
+ * tux you may need to change this to your own default, or even
+ * better use the command line override -s implemented in dsh_cli.c
+ * For example ./dsh -s 0.0.0.0:5678 where 5678 is the new port
+ *
+ * is_threded: Used for extra credit to indicate the server should implement
+ * per thread connections for clients
+ *
+ * This function basically runs the server by:
+ * 1. Booting up the server
+ * 2. Processing client requests until the client requests the
+ * server to stop by running the `stop-server` command
+ * 3. Stopping the server.
+ *
+ * This function is fully implemented for you and should not require
+ * any changes for basic functionality.
+ *
+ * IF YOU IMPLEMENT THE MULTI-THREADED SERVER FOR EXTRA CREDIT YOU NEED
+ * TO DO SOMETHING WITH THE is_threaded ARGUMENT HOWEVER.
+ */
+int start_server(char *ifaces, int port, int is_threaded){
+ int svr_socket;
+ int rc;
+
+ //
+ //TODO: If you are implementing the extra credit, please add logic
+ // to keep track of is_threaded to handle this feature
+ //
+
+ svr_socket = boot_server(ifaces, port);
+ if (svr_socket < 0){
+ int err_code = svr_socket; //server socket will carry error code
+ return err_code;
+ }
+
+ rc = process_cli_requests(svr_socket);
+
+ stop_server(svr_socket);
+
+
+ return rc;
+}
+
+/*
+ * stop_server(svr_socket)
+ * svr_socket: The socket that was created in the boot_server()
+ * function.
+ *
+ * This function simply returns the value of close() when closing
+ * the socket.
+ */
+int stop_server(int svr_socket){
+ return close(svr_socket);
+}
+
+/*
+ * boot_server(ifaces, port)
+ * ifaces & port: see start_server for description. They are passed
+ * as is to this function.
+ *
+ * This function "boots" the rsh server. It is responsible for all
+ * socket operations prior to accepting client connections. Specifically:
+ *
+ * 1. Create the server socket using the socket() function.
+ * 2. Calling bind to "bind" the server to the interface and port
+ * 3. Calling listen to get the server ready to listen for connections.
+ *
+ * after creating the socket and prior to calling bind you might want to
+ * include the following code:
+ *
+ * int enable=1;
+ * setsockopt(svr_socket, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &enable, sizeof(int));
+ *
+ * when doing development you often run into issues where you hold onto
+ * the port and then need to wait for linux to detect this issue and free
+ * the port up. The code above tells linux to force allowing this process
+ * to use the specified port making your life a lot easier.
+ *
+ * Returns:
+ *
+ * server_socket: Sockets are just file descriptors, if this function is
+ * successful, it returns the server socket descriptor,
+ * which is just an integer.
+ *
+ * ERR_RDSH_COMMUNICATION: This error code is returned if the socket(),
+ * bind(), or listen() call fails.
+ *
+ */
+int boot_server(char *ifaces, int port){
+ int svr_socket;
+ int ret;
+
+ struct sockaddr_in addr;
+
+ // Create socket
+ svr_socket = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
+ if (svr_socket == -1) {
+ perror("socket");
+ return ERR_RDSH_COMMUNICATION;
+ }
+
+ // Enable address reuse
+ int enable = 1;
+ if (setsockopt(svr_socket, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &enable, sizeof(int)) < 0) {
+ perror("setsockopt");
+ close(svr_socket);
+ return ERR_RDSH_COMMUNICATION;
+ }
+
+ // Set up address structure
+ memset(&addr, 0, sizeof(addr));
+ addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
+ addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(ifaces);
+ addr.sin_port = htons(port);
+
+ // Bind socket
+ if (bind(svr_socket, (struct sockaddr *)&addr, sizeof(addr)) == -1) {
+ perror("bind");
+ close(svr_socket);
+ return ERR_RDSH_COMMUNICATION;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Prepare for accepting connections. The backlog size is set
+ * to 20. So while one request is being processed other requests
+ * can be waiting.
+ */
+ ret = listen(svr_socket, 20);
+ if (ret == -1) {
+ perror("listen");
+ close(svr_socket);
+ return ERR_RDSH_COMMUNICATION;
+ }
+
+ return svr_socket;
+}
+
+/*
+ * process_cli_requests(svr_socket)
+ * svr_socket: The server socket that was obtained from boot_server()
+ *
+ * This function handles managing client connections. It does this using
+ * the following logic
+ *
+ * 1. Starts a while(1) loop:
+ *
+ * a. Calls accept() to wait for a client connection. Recall that
+ * the accept() function returns another socket specifically
+ * bound to a client connection.
+ * b. Calls exec_client_requests() to handle executing commands
+ * sent by the client. It will use the socket returned from
+ * accept().
+ * c. Loops back to the top (step 2) to accept connecting another
+ * client.
+ *
+ * note that the exec_client_requests() return code should be
+ * negative if the client requested the server to stop by sending
+ * the `stop-server` command. If this is the case step 2b breaks
+ * out of the while(1) loop.
+ *
+ * 2. After we exit the loop, we need to cleanup. Dont forget to
+ * free the buffer you allocated in step #1. Then call stop_server()
+ * to close the server socket.
+ *
+ * Returns:
+ *
+ * OK_EXIT: When the client sends the `stop-server` command this function
+ * should return OK_EXIT.
+ *
+ * ERR_RDSH_COMMUNICATION: This error code terminates the loop and is
+ * returned from this function in the case of the accept()
+ * function failing.
+ *
+ * OTHERS: See exec_client_requests() for return codes. Note that positive
+ * values will keep the loop running to accept additional client
+ * connections, and negative values terminate the server.
+ *
+ */
+int process_cli_requests(int svr_socket){
+ int cli_socket;
+ int rc = OK;
+
+ while(1){
+ // Accept client connection
+ cli_socket = accept(svr_socket, NULL, NULL);
+ if (cli_socket == -1) {
+ perror("accept");
+ return ERR_RDSH_COMMUNICATION;
+ }
+
+ // Handle client requests
+ rc = exec_client_requests(cli_socket);
+ close(cli_socket);
+
+ // If client requested server stop, break the loop
+ if (rc == OK_EXIT) {
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+
+ return rc;
+}
+
+/*
+ * exec_client_requests(cli_socket)
+ * cli_socket: The server-side socket that is connected to the client
+ *
+ * This function handles accepting remote client commands. The function will
+ * loop and continue to accept and execute client commands. There are 2 ways
+ * that this ongoing loop accepting client commands ends:
+ *
+ * 1. When the client executes the `exit` command, this function returns
+ * to process_cli_requests() so that we can accept another client
+ * connection.
+ * 2. When the client executes the `stop-server` command this function
+ * returns to process_cli_requests() with a return code of OK_EXIT
+ * indicating that the server should stop.
+ *
+ * Note that this function largely follows the implementation of the
+ * exec_local_cmd_loop() function that you implemented in the last
+ * shell program deliverable. The main difference is that the command will
+ * arrive over the recv() socket call rather than reading a string from the
+ * keyboard.
+ *
+ * This function also must send the EOF character after a command is
+ * successfully executed to let the client know that the output from the
+ * command it sent is finished. Use the send_message_eof() to accomplish
+ * this.
+ *
+ * Of final note, this function must allocate a buffer for storage to
+ * store the data received by the client. For example:
+ * io_buff = malloc(RDSH_COMM_BUFF_SZ);
+ * And since it is allocating storage, it must also properly clean it up
+ * prior to exiting.
+ *
+ * Returns:
+ *
+ * OK: The client sent the `exit` command. Get ready to connect
+ * another client.
+ * OK_EXIT: The client sent `stop-server` command to terminate the server
+ *
+ * ERR_RDSH_COMMUNICATION: A catch all for any socket() related send
+ * or receive errors.
+ */
+int exec_client_requests(int cli_socket) {
+ int io_size;
+ char *io_buff;
+ int rc = OK;
+ command_list_t cmd_list;
+ Built_In_Cmds cmd_type;
+ char response[256];
+
+ io_buff = malloc(RDSH_COMM_BUFF_SZ);
+ if (io_buff == NULL){
+ return ERR_RDSH_SERVER;
+ }
+
+ while(1) {
+ // Receive message from client
+ io_size = recv(cli_socket, io_buff, RDSH_COMM_BUFF_SZ, 0);
+ if (io_size <= 0) {
+ if (io_size == 0) {
+ // Client closed connection
+ break;
+ }
+ perror("recv");
+ free(io_buff);
+ return ERR_RDSH_COMMUNICATION;
+ }
+
+ // Parse the command
+ if (build_cmd_list(io_buff, &cmd_list) != OK) {
+ // Send error message to client
+ send_message_string(cli_socket, CMD_WARN_NO_CMD);
+ send_message_eof(cli_socket);
+ continue;
+ }
+
+ // Check if it's a built-in command
+ cmd_type = rsh_match_command(cmd_list.commands[0].argv[0]);
+
+ switch (cmd_type) {
+ case BI_CMD_EXIT:
+ // Send goodbye message and close client connection
+ send_message_string(cli_socket, RCMD_MSG_CLIENT_EXITED);
+ send_message_eof(cli_socket);
+ free_cmd_list(&cmd_list);
+ free(io_buff);
+ close(cli_socket); // Close client connection
+ return OK; // Return OK to allow server to accept new connections
+
+ case BI_CMD_STOP_SVR:
+ // Send goodbye message
+ send_message_string(cli_socket, RCMD_MSG_SVR_STOP_REQ);
+ send_message_eof(cli_socket);
+ free_cmd_list(&cmd_list);
+ free(io_buff);
+ return OK_EXIT;
+
+ case BI_CMD_CD:
+ if (cmd_list.commands[0].argc < 2) {
+ // No directory specified, just print current directory
+ char cwd[4096];
+ if (getcwd(cwd, sizeof(cwd)) != NULL) {
+ send_message_string(cli_socket, cwd);
+ } else {
+ send_message_string(cli_socket, "Error getting current directory");
+ }
+ } else {
+ // Change to specified directory
+ if (chdir(cmd_list.commands[0].argv[1]) != 0) {
+ snprintf(response, sizeof(response), "cd: %s: %s\n",
+ cmd_list.commands[0].argv[1], strerror(errno));
+ send_message_string(cli_socket, response);
+ } else {
+ char cwd[4096];
+ if (getcwd(cwd, sizeof(cwd)) != NULL) {
+ send_message_string(cli_socket, cwd);
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ send_message_eof(cli_socket);
+ break;
+
+ case BI_CMD_DRAGON:
+ // Create a temporary file to store dragon output
+ FILE *temp = tmpfile();
+ if (temp != NULL) {
+ // Save stdout
+ int saved_stdout = dup(STDOUT_FILENO);
+ // Redirect stdout to temp file
+ dup2(fileno(temp), STDOUT_FILENO);
+ // Print dragon
+ printDragon();
+ // Restore stdout
+ dup2(saved_stdout, STDOUT_FILENO);
+ close(saved_stdout);
+ // Reset file pointer
+ rewind(temp);
+ // Read and send dragon output
+ char dragon_buff[1024];
+ size_t bytes_read;
+ while ((bytes_read = fread(dragon_buff, 1, sizeof(dragon_buff), temp)) > 0) {
+ if (send(cli_socket, dragon_buff, bytes_read, 0) != bytes_read) {
+ perror("send");
+ free_cmd_list(&cmd_list);
+ free(io_buff);
+ return ERR_RDSH_COMMUNICATION;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ send_message_eof(cli_socket);
+ break;
+
+ case BI_CMD_RC:
+ snprintf(response, sizeof(response), RCMD_MSG_SVR_RC_CMD, rc);
+ send_message_string(cli_socket, response);
+ send_message_eof(cli_socket);
+ break;
+
+ default:
+ // Execute non-built-in commands using pipeline
+ rc = rsh_execute_pipeline(cli_socket, &cmd_list);
+ if (rc < 0) {
+ free_cmd_list(&cmd_list);
+ free(io_buff);
+ return rc;
+ }
+ send_message_eof(cli_socket);
+ break;
+ }
+
+ free_cmd_list(&cmd_list);
+ }
+
+ free(io_buff);
+ return rc;
+}
+
+/*
+ * send_message_eof(cli_socket)
+ * cli_socket: The server-side socket that is connected to the client
+
+ * Sends the EOF character to the client to indicate that the server is
+ * finished executing the command that it sent.
+ *
+ * Returns:
+ *
+ * OK: The EOF character was sent successfully.
+ *
+ * ERR_RDSH_COMMUNICATION: The send() socket call returned an error or if
+ * we were unable to send the EOF character.
+ */
+int send_message_eof(int cli_socket){
+ int send_len = (int)sizeof(RDSH_EOF_CHAR);
+ int sent_len;
+ sent_len = send(cli_socket, &RDSH_EOF_CHAR, send_len, 0);
+
+ if (sent_len != send_len){
+ return ERR_RDSH_COMMUNICATION;
+ }
+ return OK;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * send_message_string(cli_socket, char *buff)
+ * cli_socket: The server-side socket that is connected to the client
+ * buff: A C string (aka null terminated) of a message we want
+ * to send to the client.
+ *
+ * Sends a message to the client. Note this command executes both a send()
+ * to send the message and a send_message_eof() to send the EOF character to
+ * the client to indicate command execution terminated.
+ *
+ * Returns:
+ *
+ * OK: The message in buff followed by the EOF character was
+ * sent successfully.
+ *
+ * ERR_RDSH_COMMUNICATION: The send() socket call returned an error or if
+ * we were unable to send the message followed by the EOF character.
+ */
+int send_message_string(int cli_socket, char *buff){
+ int send_len = strlen(buff);
+ int sent_len;
+
+ // Send the message
+ sent_len = send(cli_socket, buff, send_len, 0);
+ if (sent_len != send_len) {
+ return ERR_RDSH_COMMUNICATION;
+ }
+
+ // Send EOF character
+ return send_message_eof(cli_socket);
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * rsh_execute_pipeline(int cli_sock, command_list_t *clist)
+ * cli_sock: The server-side socket that is connected to the client
+ * clist: The command_list_t structure that we implemented in
+ * the last shell.
+ *
+ * This function executes the command pipeline. It should basically be a
+ * replica of the execute_pipeline() function from the last deliverable.
+ * The only thing different is that you will be using the cli_sock as the
+ * main file descriptor on the first executable in the pipeline for STDIN,
+ * and the cli_sock for the file descriptor for STDOUT, and STDERR for the
+ * last executable in the pipeline. See picture below:
+ *
+ *
+ *┌───────────┐ ┌───────────┐
+ *│ cli_sock │ │ cli_sock │
+ *└─────┬─────┘ └────▲──▲───┘
+ * │ ┌──────────────┐ ┌──────────────┐ ┌──────────────┐ │ │
+ * │ │ Process 1 │ │ Process 2 │ │ Process N │ │ │
+ * │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
+ * └───▶stdin stdout├─┬──▶│stdin stdout├─┬──▶│stdin stdout├──┘ │
+ * │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
+ * │ stderr├─┘ │ stderr├─┘ │ stderr├─────┘
+ * └──────────────┘ └──────────────┘ └──────────────┘
+ * WEXITSTATUS()
+ * of this last
+ * process to get
+ * the return code
+ * for this function
+ *
+ * Returns:
+ *
+ * EXIT_CODE: This function returns the exit code of the last command
+ * executed in the pipeline. If only one command is executed
+ * that value is returned. Remember, use the WEXITSTATUS()
+ * macro that we discussed during our fork/exec lecture to
+ * get this value.
+ */
+int rsh_execute_pipeline(int cli_sock, command_list_t *clist) {
+ int pipes[clist->num - 1][2]; // Array of pipes
+ pid_t pids[clist->num];
+ int pids_st[clist->num]; // Array to store process IDs
+ int exit_code;
+
+ // Create all necessary pipes
+ for (int i = 0; i < clist->num - 1; i++) {
+ if (pipe(pipes[i]) == -1) {
+ perror("pipe");
+ return ERR_RDSH_COMMUNICATION;
+ }
+ }
+
+ for (int i = 0; i < clist->num; i++) {
+ pids[i] = fork();
+
+ if (pids[i] < 0) {
+ perror("fork");
+ return ERR_RDSH_COMMUNICATION;
+ }
+
+ if (pids[i] == 0) { // Child process
+ // First process: redirect stdin from client socket
+ if (i == 0) {
+ dup2(cli_sock, STDIN_FILENO);
+ close(cli_sock);
+ }
+
+ // Last process: redirect stdout and stderr to client socket
+ if (i == clist->num - 1) {
+ dup2(cli_sock, STDOUT_FILENO);
+ dup2(cli_sock, STDERR_FILENO);
+ close(cli_sock);
+ }
+
+ // Set up pipes between processes
+ if (i > 0) {
+ dup2(pipes[i-1][0], STDIN_FILENO);
+ close(pipes[i-1][0]);
+ close(pipes[i-1][1]);
+ }
+ if (i < clist->num - 1) {
+ dup2(pipes[i][1], STDOUT_FILENO);
+ close(pipes[i][0]);
+ close(pipes[i][1]);
+ }
+
+ // Close all other pipe ends
+ for (int j = 0; j < clist->num - 1; j++) {
+ close(pipes[j][0]);
+ close(pipes[j][1]);
+ }
+
+ // Handle redirections by checking arguments
+ char *new_argv[CMD_ARGV_MAX];
+ int new_argc = 0;
+
+ for (int j = 0; j < clist->commands[i].argc; j++) {
+ char *arg = clist->commands[i].argv[j];
+
+ if (strcmp(arg, "<") == 0 && j + 1 < clist->commands[i].argc) {
+ // Input redirection
+ int fd = open(clist->commands[i].argv[j + 1], O_RDONLY);
+ if (fd == -1) {
+ perror("open input file");
+ exit(1);
+ }
+ dup2(fd, STDIN_FILENO);
+ close(fd);
+ j++; // Skip the filename
+ continue;
+ }
+
+ if (strcmp(arg, ">") == 0 && j + 1 < clist->commands[i].argc) {
+ // Output redirection (overwrite)
+ int fd = open(clist->commands[i].argv[j + 1], O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644);
+ if (fd == -1) {
+ perror("open output file");
+ exit(1);
+ }
+ dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
+ close(fd);
+ j++; // Skip the filename
+ continue;
+ }
+
+ if (strcmp(arg, ">>") == 0 && j + 1 < clist->commands[i].argc) {
+ // Output redirection (append)
+ int fd = open(clist->commands[i].argv[j + 1], O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_APPEND, 0644);
+ if (fd == -1) {
+ perror("open output file");
+ exit(1);
+ }
+ dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
+ close(fd);
+ j++; // Skip the filename
+ continue;
+ }
+
+ // If not a redirection operator, add to new argv
+ new_argv[new_argc++] = arg;
+ }
+ new_argv[new_argc] = NULL;
+
+ // Execute the command with cleaned up arguments
+ execvp(new_argv[0], new_argv);
+ perror("execvp");
+ exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+ }
+ }
+
+ // Parent process: close all pipe ends
+ for (int i = 0; i < clist->num - 1; i++) {
+ close(pipes[i][0]);
+ close(pipes[i][1]);
+ }
+
+ // Wait for all children
+ for (int i = 0; i < clist->num; i++) {
+ waitpid(pids[i], &pids_st[i], 0);
+ }
+
+ // Get exit code of last process
+ exit_code = WEXITSTATUS(pids_st[clist->num - 1]);
+
+ // Check for EXIT_SC in any process
+ for (int i = 0; i < clist->num; i++) {
+ if (WEXITSTATUS(pids_st[i]) == EXIT_SC) {
+ exit_code = EXIT_SC;
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+
+ return exit_code;
+}
+
+/************** OPTIONAL STUFF ***************/
+/****
+ **** NOTE THAT THE FUNCTIONS BELOW ALIGN TO HOW WE CRAFTED THE SOLUTION
+ **** TO SEE IF A COMMAND WAS BUILT IN OR NOT. YOU CAN USE A DIFFERENT
+ **** STRATEGY IF YOU WANT. IF YOU CHOOSE TO DO SO PLEASE REMOVE THESE
+ **** FUNCTIONS AND THE PROTOTYPES FROM rshlib.h
+ ****
+ */
+
+/*
+ * rsh_match_command(const char *input)
+ * cli_socket: The string command for a built-in command, e.g., dragon,
+ * cd, exit-server
+ *
+ * This optional function accepts a command string as input and returns
+ * one of the enumerated values from the BuiltInCmds enum as output. For
+ * example:
+ *
+ * Input Output
+ * exit BI_CMD_EXIT
+ * dragon BI_CMD_DRAGON
+ *
+ * This function is entirely optional to implement if you want to handle
+ * processing built-in commands differently in your implementation.
+ *
+ * Returns:
+ *
+ * BI_CMD_*: If the command is built-in returns one of the enumeration
+ * options, for example "cd" returns BI_CMD_CD
+ *
+ * BI_NOT_BI: If the command is not "built-in" the BI_NOT_BI value is
+ * returned.
+ */
+Built_In_Cmds rsh_match_command(const char *input)
+{
+ if (strcmp(input, "exit") == 0)
+ return BI_CMD_EXIT;
+ if (strcmp(input, "dragon") == 0)
+ return BI_CMD_DRAGON;
+ if (strcmp(input, "cd") == 0)
+ return BI_CMD_CD;
+ if (strcmp(input, "stop-server") == 0)
+ return BI_CMD_STOP_SVR;
+ if (strcmp(input, "rc") == 0)
+ return BI_CMD_RC;
+ return BI_NOT_BI;
+}
+
+/*
+ * rsh_built_in_cmd(cmd_buff_t *cmd)
+ * cmd: The cmd_buff_t of the command, remember, this is the
+ * parsed version fo the command
+ *
+ * This optional function accepts a parsed cmd and then checks to see if
+ * the cmd is built in or not. It calls rsh_match_command to see if the
+ * cmd is built in or not. Note that rsh_match_command returns BI_NOT_BI
+ * if the command is not built in. If the command is built in this function
+ * uses a switch statement to handle execution if appropriate.
+ *
+ * Again, using this function is entirely optional if you are using a different
+ * strategy to handle built-in commands.
+ *
+ * Returns:
+ *
+ * BI_NOT_BI: Indicates that the cmd provided as input is not built
+ * in so it should be sent to your fork/exec logic
+ * BI_EXECUTED: Indicates that this function handled the direct execution
+ * of the command and there is nothing else to do, consider
+ * it executed. For example the cmd of "cd" gets the value of
+ * BI_CMD_CD from rsh_match_command(). It then makes the libc
+ * call to chdir(cmd->argv[1]); and finally returns BI_EXECUTED
+ * BI_CMD_* Indicates that a built-in command was matched and the caller
+ * is responsible for executing it. For example if this function
+ * returns BI_CMD_STOP_SVR the caller of this function is
+ * responsible for stopping the server. If BI_CMD_EXIT is returned
+ * the caller is responsible for closing the client connection.
+ *
+ * AGAIN - THIS IS TOTALLY OPTIONAL IF YOU HAVE OR WANT TO HANDLE BUILT-IN
+ * COMMANDS DIFFERENTLY.
+ */
+Built_In_Cmds rsh_built_in_cmd(cmd_buff_t *cmd)
+{
+ Built_In_Cmds ctype = BI_NOT_BI;
+ ctype = rsh_match_command(cmd->argv[0]);
+
+ switch (ctype)
+ {
+ // case BI_CMD_DRAGON:
+ // print_dragon();
+ // return BI_EXECUTED;
+ case BI_CMD_EXIT:
+ return BI_CMD_EXIT;
+ case BI_CMD_STOP_SVR:
+ return BI_CMD_STOP_SVR;
+ case BI_CMD_RC:
+ return BI_CMD_RC;
+ case BI_CMD_CD:
+ chdir(cmd->argv[1]);
+ return BI_EXECUTED;
+ default:
+ return BI_NOT_BI;
+ }
+}
diff --git a/6-RShell/rshlib.h b/6-RShell/rshlib.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6ae2ca9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/6-RShell/rshlib.h
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+#ifndef __RSH_LIB_H__
+ #define __RSH_LIB_H__
+
+#include "dshlib.h"
+
+//common remote shell client and server constants and definitions
+
+
+//Constants for communication
+//Note that these should work fine in a local VM but you will likely have
+//to change the port number if you are working on tux.
+#define RDSH_DEF_PORT 1234 //Default port #
+#define RDSH_DEF_SVR_INTFACE "0.0.0.0" //Default start all interfaces
+#define RDSH_DEF_CLI_CONNECT "127.0.0.1" //Default server is running on
+ //localhost 127.0.0.1
+
+//constants for buffer sizes
+#define RDSH_COMM_BUFF_SZ (1024*64) //64K
+#define STOP_SERVER_SC 200 //returned from pipeline excution
+ //if the command is to stop the
+ //server. See documentation for
+ //exec_client_requests() for more info
+
+//end of message delimiter. This is super important. TCP is a stream, therefore
+//the protocol designer is responsible for managing where messages begin and end
+//there are many common techniques for this, but one of the simplest ways is to
+//use an end of stream marker. Since rsh is a "shell" program we will be using
+//ascii code 0x04, which is commonly used as the end-of-file (EOF) character in
+//linux based systems.
+static const char RDSH_EOF_CHAR = 0x04;
+
+//rdsh specific error codes for functions
+#define ERR_RDSH_COMMUNICATION -50 //Used for communication errors
+#define ERR_RDSH_SERVER -51 //General server errors
+#define ERR_RDSH_CLIENT -52 //General client errors
+#define ERR_RDSH_CMD_EXEC -53 //RSH command execution errors
+#define WARN_RDSH_NOT_IMPL -99 //Not Implemented yet warning
+
+//Output message constants for server
+#define CMD_ERR_RDSH_COMM "rdsh-error: communications error\n"
+#define CMD_ERR_RDSH_EXEC "rdsh-error: command execution error\n"
+#define CMD_ERR_RDSH_ITRNL "rdsh-error: internal server error - %d\n"
+#define CMD_ERR_RDSH_SEND "rdsh-error: partial send. Sent %d, expected to send %d\n"
+#define RCMD_SERVER_EXITED "server appeared to terminate - exiting\n"
+
+//Output message constants for client
+#define RCMD_MSG_CLIENT_EXITED "client exited: getting next connection...\n"
+#define RCMD_MSG_SVR_STOP_REQ "client requested server to stop, stopping...\n"
+#define RCMD_MSG_SVR_EXEC_REQ "rdsh-exec: %s\n"
+#define RCMD_MSG_SVR_RC_CMD "rdsh-exec: rc = %d\n"
+
+//client prototypes for rsh_cli.c - - see documentation for each function to
+//see what they do
+int start_client(char *address, int port);
+int client_cleanup(int cli_socket, char *cmd_buff, char *rsp_buff, int rc);
+int exec_remote_cmd_loop(char *address, int port);
+
+
+//server prototypes for rsh_server.c - see documentation for each function to
+//see what they do
+int start_server(char *ifaces, int port, int is_threaded);
+int boot_server(char *ifaces, int port);
+int stop_server(int svr_socket);
+int send_message_eof(int cli_socket);
+int send_message_string(int cli_socket, char *buff);
+int process_cli_requests(int svr_socket);
+int exec_client_requests(int cli_socket);
+int rsh_execute_pipeline(int socket_fd, command_list_t *clist);
+
+Built_In_Cmds rsh_match_command(const char *input);
+Built_In_Cmds rsh_built_in_cmd(cmd_buff_t *cmd);
+
+//eliminate from template, for extra credit
+void set_threaded_server(int val);
+int exec_client_thread(int main_socket, int cli_socket);
+void *handle_client(void *arg);
+
+#endif
\ No newline at end of file
--
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